Wine Grapes
Wine Grape spray programme
Yield (t/ha) and Brix (%)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Wellington - 2018
4 Replicates, Randomised block design
Yield (t/ha) and Soil Fertility
Cabernet Sauvignon
Franschhoek - 2015
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Effect of C4L on nutrient content of bunches
Number of bunches per shoot
*Average from 9 trials of different varieties
3 x C4L applications: Oct - Dec 2012
C4L attributed to 9% more fruit bearing canes across these trials.
* Average of the 9 trials included the following varieties:
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Chardonnay
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Chenin Blanc
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Sauvignon Blanc
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Merlot
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Pinotage
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Cabernet Sauvignon
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Shiraz
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Viognier
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Mourvèdre
Mealybug Incidence
Merlot
Groot Constantia
Standard wine grape programme applied
The C4L treated bunches showed a 91.4% reduction in Mealybug incidence compared to the untreated bunches.
Observations:
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30 - 50% less loose berries during the assessment
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Less Snout Beetle on bunch stems
Powdery Mildew bunch incidence
Cabernet Sauvignon
Malmesbury
An increase in the number of C4L applications clearly demonstrated a linear decrease in disease incidence at harvest.
The full prorgamme of three applications resulted in an infection incidence of only 1%, compared to 78% in the untreated control.
Yield (t/ha)
French Colombard
California State University - Fresno 2024
3 Replicates, Randomised control layout
The C4L programme resulted in a 12.65% yield increase compared to the untreated control, corresponding to an increase of 2.65 tons per hectare.
C4L was applied at 500 mL/ha, starting when the shoots reached 20 cm in length, with four applications at 3 to 4-week intervals.
Powdery Mildew incidence & Severity
French Colombard
California State University - Fresno 2024
3 Replicates, Randomised control layout
C4L statistically significantly reduced:
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Leaf incidence by 31.5%
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Cluster incidence by 44.8%
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Cluster severity by 38.2%
C4L was applied at 500 mL/ha, starting when the shoots reached 20 cm in length, with four applications at 3 to 4-week intervals.
Return on investment
French Colombard
California State University - Fresno 2024
3 Replicates, Randomised control layout
Additional profit per hectare: $754,14
(calculated @ $283,07 / ton)
ROI per hectare: $595,17
(calculated @ $248,97 / ton treatment cost)
C4L was applied at 500 mL/ha, starting when the shoots reached 20 cm in length, with four applications at 3 to 4-week intervals.